28 Understanding Food Allergies

Understanding Food Allergies

Food allergies are becoming increasingly common. More and more people are being diagnosed with a range of food allergies and intolerances. In this article, we will discuss what food allergies are, how they differ from food intolerances, the symptoms of food allergies, the most common food allergens, and how to manage food allergies.

What Are Food Allergies?

A food allergy is an immune system response to a particular food protein. When someone with a food allergy eats a food containing that protein, their immune system mistakenly identifies the protein as a harmful substance and reacts by releasing histamine and other chemicals into the bloodstream. These chemicals cause the symptoms associated with an allergic reaction.

How Do Food Allergies Differ from Food Intolerances?

Food allergies are often confused with food intolerances. However, there is a significant difference between the two. Food intolerances do not involve the immune system, and the reaction to food is not life-threatening. Instead, food intolerances occur when the body is unable to digest or metabolize a particular food component, such as lactose in dairy products. Symptoms of food intolerance can include nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.

What Are the Symptoms of Food Allergies?

The symptoms of food allergies can vary from person to person, and the severity of the reaction can also vary. Symptoms can include:

• Hives or a rash
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, or face
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, a sudden drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.

What Are the Most Common Food Allergens?

The most common food allergens are:

• Milk
• Eggs
• Fish
• Shellfish
• Tree nuts
• Peanuts
• Wheat
• Soy

These foods account for over 90% of all food allergies.

How Are Food Allergies Diagnosed?

If you suspect you have a food allergy, it is important to see a doctor or an allergist. They will ask about your medical history and the symptoms you have been experiencing. They may also perform a skin test, blood test, or an oral food challenge to diagnose a food allergy.

How Are Food Allergies Managed?

The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the food or foods that cause the allergy. It is essential to read food labels carefully and to avoid cross-contamination. Cross-contamination occurs when a food comes into contact with the food allergen, such as when a knife used to cut cheese is then used to cut bread. It is also essential to carry an epinephrine auto-injector, such as an EpiPen, at all times, in case of a severe allergic reaction.

Conclusion

Food allergies can be life-threatening, and it is important to take them seriously. Understanding the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance is the first step in managing food allergies. If you suspect you have a food allergy, see a doctor or allergist to be diagnosed properly. The only way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the food or foods that cause the allergy. By being aware of the most common food allergens and understanding how to manage food allergies, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from potentially life-threatening reactions.